Which mountain range is traditionally regarded as the boundary between Europe and Asia?

The Ural Mountains are traditionally regarded as the boundary between Europe and Asia.

The Urals run roughly north–south through western Russia, from the Arctic Ocean toward the Ural River and the northwestern part of Kazakhstan. Their length is commonly given as about 2,500 kilometres, making them one of the world's major long mountain systems.

The Europe–Asia boundary is a geographic convention rather than a universally fixed natural line. Different historical traditions have placed parts of it along the Urals, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus. Modern atlases commonly use the Ural Mountains as one of the principal dividing features.

The range is rich in mineral resources, including iron ore, copper, precious stones, and platinum-group metals. The northern Urals are rugged and cold, while the southern section has lower elevations and broader forested landscapes.