The Polus task that involves inserting a sample into a machine is called Insert Sample. It is one stage of the medical-style laboratory work that Crewmates can perform on Polus, the icy research-base map in Among Us.
The task is commonly associated with the Sample Room, where players interact with a laboratory machine. Depending on the task sequence, the player handles samples and follows the machine's instructions rather than simply collecting or analyzing an item.
“Process Sample” and “Analyze Sample” sound plausible because Among Us includes several tasks with laboratory and processing themes. However, the official task name is Insert Sample, so those alternatives are not canonical answers. Take Sample is also not the name used by the game.
Polus was introduced as Among Us's third map. Unlike The Skeld and Mira HQ, it takes place on an exposed, snowy planetary outpost, with indoor facilities connected to outdoor paths and hazards.