Which set of wars is commonly marked as ending at Waterloo?

The set of wars commonly marked as ending at Waterloo is the Napoleonic Wars.

Waterloo was fought on 18 June 1815, during Napoleon’s brief return from exile known as the Hundred Days. His defeat led to his second abdication, the restoration of Louis XVIII, and Napoleon’s permanent exile to Saint Helena. For that reason, historians commonly use Waterloo as the closing military event of the Napoleonic Wars, a long period of conflict that began in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

The label is a historical convention rather than the name of a single treaty signed on the battlefield. Fighting and political settlement continued after Waterloo: coalition forces entered Paris in July 1815, and the Second Treaty of Paris was signed later that year. Even so, Waterloo was the decisive defeat that ended Napoleon’s ability to rule France or resume his European campaigns.

The War of 1812 was a separate conflict between the United States and Britain. The Seven Years’ War ended in 1763, while the Crimean War ran from 1853 to 1856—decades after Waterloo.