Jordan is home to Petra, the ancient city carved into rose-coloured sandstone.
Petra was the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom and grew into an important trading center because it stood near routes linking Arabia, the Levant, and the Mediterranean world. Its best-known façade, the Treasury, was cut into a cliff face, while the wider site contains tombs, temples, streets, and water-management works.
The city was established at least by the fourth century BCE and later became part of the Roman Empire in 106 CE. Petra was largely unknown to Western audiences until its reported rediscovery by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812.
Jordan is not landlocked: it has a short coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba. Petra is an excellent Jordan fact, but it does not meet the requested landlocked-country category.