Which three sons of Noah are named in Genesis as ancestors of post-flood peoples?

Genesis names Noah's three sons as Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Genesis 7:13 lists Noah, his wife, his sons, and their wives entering the Ark, while Genesis 9–10 continues the family narrative after the flood.

Genesis 10, often called the Table of Nations, presents descendants of the three brothers as the ancestors of many peoples and nations known to the story's audience. It is an ancient genealogical and ethnographic account, not a modern population study.

The sons are also part of the story after the flood. Shem, Ham, and Japheth appear in the account of Noah's drunkenness in Genesis 9, and their descendants are organized into separate genealogical lines in the following chapter.

They are sometimes confused with other famous biblical family groups, such as Abraham's son Isaac and Isaac's sons Jacob and Esau. Those figures belong to later generations and are not Noah's sons.