Genesis 10 contains the Table of Nations, a genealogy presenting peoples descended from Noah’s sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth after the Flood. It is therefore the chapter that links the Ark survivors to a wide map of post-Flood nations.
The chapter names descendants and territories, including figures such as Cush, Mizraim, Canaan, and Eber. Its structure is genealogical and geographical rather than a modern census. The following chapter, Genesis 11, tells the story of the Tower of Babel, which explains the division of languages in the narrative sequence.
Scholars study the Table of Nations as an ancient worldview shaped by Near Eastern geography and political relationships. Names and identifications do not always correspond neatly to modern ethnic groups or borders, so the chapter should not be read as a precise contemporary map.