The Merino is a sheep breed famous for producing fine wool and originating in Spain.
Merino sheep were developed in the Iberian Peninsula and became highly valued for their soft, fine fleece. Their wool fibers are typically much finer than those of many meat-oriented sheep breeds, making Merino wool useful for clothing worn next to the skin.
Spanish rulers once restricted the export of Merino sheep because the breed was economically important. Merinos were later introduced to other countries, including Australia, where selective breeding and large-scale pastoral production made them central to the wool industry.
Merino is sometimes used loosely to describe wool, but it also refers to a sheep breed and related strains. Wool quality is assessed using factors such as fiber diameter, length, crimp, strength, and cleanliness. Merino sheep can also produce meat, although their global reputation rests chiefly on fleece quality.