Which of Noah’s sons is traditionally described in Genesis as the ancestor of Canaan?

The story behind the answer

In Genesis, Ham is the son of Noah traditionally described as the father of Canaan.

Genesis 9:18 identifies Ham as the father of Canaan, and Genesis 10:6 lists Canaan among Ham’s sons. The same passage names Ham’s other sons as Cush, Mizraim, and Put. This genealogy places Canaan within the biblical “Table of Nations,” a chapter describing the descendants of Noah’s sons after the Flood.

The text also tells a separate story about Noah, Ham, and Ham’s brothers in Genesis 9:20–27. Noah’s pronouncement concerns Canaan, not Ham himself, a distinction often blurred in later retellings and historical arguments. The genealogy and the episode should therefore be read carefully rather than collapsed into a single statement.

Shem, Ham, and Japheth are all Noah’s sons, but Genesis assigns different descendant lines to them. For the specific relationship asked here, Ham is the only canonical answer.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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