Which mountain range separates Georgia from Russia?

The Caucasus Mountains form the principal natural mountain boundary between Georgia and Russia.

In particular, the Greater Caucasus range runs along much of Georgia’s northern frontier with Russia. The boundary follows the rugged mountain crest from the Black Sea toward Azerbaijan, separating Georgia from Russia’s North Caucasus republics and regions.

The Caucasus is one of the major mountain systems between the Black and Caspian seas. It is commonly divided into the Greater Caucasus to the north and the Lesser Caucasus to the south. Georgia lies mainly on the southern side of the Greater Caucasus, although its landscape also includes important Lesser Caucasus ranges.

The region has complicated geography and politics. Abkhazia and South Ossetia are internationally recognized by most countries as parts of Georgia but are separately controlled and recognized by Russia. That means descriptions of the modern border can distinguish between the internationally recognized boundary and de facto control lines. For a general geography question, however, Caucasus Mountains is the standard answer.