Holstein is the world’s most common dairy cattle breed and is recognized for its familiar black-and-white markings.
The breed developed from cattle associated with the historical regions of Friesland and North Holland in the Netherlands. Selective breeding later spread Holsteins widely, especially because cows can produce large volumes of milk. Some Holsteins are red and white rather than black and white, but the black-and-white pattern is the iconic form.
Holstein milk is not the richest in butterfat among dairy breeds, yet the breed is highly valued for total milk yield. Jersey cattle generally produce less milk but with a higher butterfat percentage, which is useful for some dairy products.
Modern Holstein populations are found on every inhabited continent. Breed records and genetic selection now focus on production, fertility, health, longevity, and efficient feed use rather than appearance alone.