Which athlete took the first Olympic oath at the 1920 Summer Olympics?

Victor Boin took the first Olympic oath at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. Boin was a Belgian fencer, water-polo player and sports journalist who represented the host nation at the opening ceremony.

The oath was introduced to express athletes' commitment to fair competition and respect for the rules. Boin stood for the athletes and recited the oath on behalf of the competitors during the opening ceremony.

The wording has changed over time. The original version focused on competing in the true spirit of sportsmanship for the honor of teams and the glory of sport. Later versions added references to rules, ethics, inclusion and anti-doping principles.

A judge's oath was added at the 1972 Winter Olympics, while a coaches' oath was added at the 2012 Summer Olympics. These roles now join the athletes in the ceremony's formal pledge.