Guru Arjan was executed at Lahore under Mughal authority in 1606.
Guru Arjan was the fifth Sikh Guru and an important builder of early Sikh institutions. He supervised the compilation of the Adi Granth and oversaw the development of the Harmandir Sahib at Amritsar. In 1606, he was arrested and executed at Lahore during the reign of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Sikh tradition remembers his death as the first martyrdom of a Sikh Guru.
The event marked a significant turning point in Sikh history. Guru Arjan’s successor, Guru Hargobind, emphasized the community’s temporal and defensive responsibilities as well as its spiritual life. This development is often described through the concept of miri-piri. The date is sometimes confused with 1675, the year Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed in Delhi. Those were separate events involving different Gurus and different historical circumstances.