In Genesis 9, Noah became the first person in the Bible recorded as planting a vineyard after the flood.
Genesis 9:20 says that Noah, described as a man of the soil, began to plant a vineyard. The next verses describe him drinking wine and becoming drunk. This episode occurs after Noah leaves the ark and after God establishes the covenant represented by the rainbow.
The passage is sometimes shortened in retellings to say that Noah planted a grapevine. The biblical wording is “vineyard,” which refers to a cultivated place for grapevines rather than a single plant. That distinction makes “a vineyard” the most precise answer to the question.
The story also explains why Noah is associated with both agriculture and wine in later tradition. Genesis does not say that he planted an olive grove or a general farm first. The specific crop named in the account is grapes, cultivated in a vineyard.