Baku, the world’s lowest-lying national capital, is the capital of Azerbaijan.
Baku stands on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, with much of the city roughly 28 metres below sea level. The Caspian is a landlocked body of water whose level has changed over time, and Baku’s unusual elevation is one reason the city is frequently described as the lowest-lying national capital. Azerbaijan is situated in the South Caucasus and is commonly classified as part of Asia, although the country’s location between Europe and Asia gives it a transcontinental cultural and political context.
Baku grew dramatically after oil was discovered near the city in the 19th century. Its historic core, the Walled City of Baku, contains the Maiden Tower and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, both UNESCO World Heritage sites. The city is also known for modern Flame Towers and its role as Azerbaijan’s largest urban centre. The country’s name is sometimes confused with neighbouring Armenia or Georgia, but Baku belongs specifically to Azerbaijan.