According to Genesis, which three sons of Noah became the ancestors of post-flood nations?

According to Genesis, Shem, Ham, and Japheth became the ancestors of post-flood nations.

Genesis 10, often called the Table of Nations, presents genealogies linked to Noah’s three sons. It describes descendants associated with many peoples and regions known to the biblical authors. The chapter follows the flood narrative and explains the spread of nations after the world is repopulated.

Shem, Ham, and Japheth are also the three sons named as entering the Ark with Noah. Their wives are included in the household that survives the flood, although Genesis does not name those women in the same way.

The genealogies are theological and literary accounts from the ancient world, not modern population genetics. Later traditions have tried to map the sons onto broad continental groupings, but those classifications are not stated as a simple modern three-continent system in Genesis itself.