Who produced the song 'Rolling in the Deep'?

Paul Epworth produced the song “Rolling in the Deep.” Adele and Epworth wrote the song together, and Epworth handled its production, instrumentation, and backing vocals for Adele’s second studio album, 21.

The collaboration began after Adele’s breakup with her boyfriend. The song was reportedly written in a single afternoon, drawing on blues, gospel, soul, and pop influences. Its forceful arrangement—built around pounding piano, drums, handclaps, bass, and layered backing vocals—helped turn it into Adele’s international breakthrough.

A common mix-up is confusing Epworth’s role with those of other producers connected to Adele’s music. Mark Ronson produced Amy Winehouse’s Back to Black, Ryan Tedder co-wrote and produced songs for many pop artists, and Rick Rubin produced other tracks on 21, including “I’ll Be Waiting.” Epworth was also a co-writer of “Rolling in the Deep,” not merely its producer.