Who is the mother of the god Thor?

Who is the mother of the god Thor? Jörð is the Norse earth goddess and the mother of Thor.

Jörð’s name is the Old Norse word for “earth” or “land,” and she personifies the natural world. The mythological sources describe her as a goddess associated with the Æsir, although they also connect her with the jötnar, the often-rival beings commonly translated as giants. Odin is Thor’s father in the standard genealogy.

The Poetic Edda uses alternative names or poetic expressions for Thor’s mother, including Fjörgyn and Hlóðyn. In Lokasenna, Thor is called “Jörð’s son,” while Völuspá refers to him as the child of Hlóðyn and Fjörgyn. These names can make the family relationship look more complicated than it is.

Jörð is sometimes confused with Frigg because both are connected with Odin, but they are treated as separate figures in the Prose Edda. Jörð is described as Odin’s partner or bride and as Frigg’s rival, while Frigg is the mother of Baldr. Thor’s wife is Sif, not his mother.