Which Welsh-related language inspired Tolkien when he developed the sound of Sindarin?

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Welsh inspired J.R.R. Tolkien when he developed the sound of Sindarin.

Sindarin is one of the principal Elvish languages in Tolkien’s Middle-earth. Tolkien designed its sound and some of its linguistic character with Welsh as an important influence. He also gave Sindarin a fictional history, dialects, and relationships to other languages rather than treating it as a simple code for English.

Sindarin is often confused with Quenya, another major Elvish language. Quenya was influenced especially by Finnish and Latin, while Sindarin is commonly associated with Welsh phonology and style. Tolkien’s philological training allowed him to create language families with regular historical development, helping the cultures of Middle-earth feel connected and layered.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Sept. 2026

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