Which U.S. scale rates tornadoes by estimated wind speeds and damage from EF0 to EF5?

The Enhanced Fujita scale rates U.S. tornadoes from EF0 through EF5 using estimated wind speeds and the damage they cause. It replaced the original Fujita scale for new U.S. tornado ratings in 2007 while preserving the familiar six-category structure.

The EF scale is primarily a damage-assessment system, not a direct wind-speed gauge. Survey teams examine damage indicators such as homes, schools, power poles, trees, and vehicles, then evaluate how severely each was damaged. Construction quality is considered because a poorly built structure can fail in weaker winds than a well-engineered one.

EF0 represents the weakest category and EF5 the strongest. The scale’s estimated wind ranges are tied to three-second gusts, and EF5 begins at an estimated 201 mph or higher. Tornadoes before February 1, 2007, generally keep their original F-scale ratings. The Beaufort scale measures general wind force, the Saffir–Simpson scale rates hurricanes, and the Torino scale describes asteroid impact hazards.