Which U.S. government agency, besides NIH, co-funded the Human Genome Project?

The U.S. Department of Energy co-funded the Human Genome Project alongside the National Institutes of Health.

DOE’s involvement grew from its interest in how radiation and energy-related chemicals affect human health. Those questions required better knowledge of DNA damage, repair, mutation, and inherited susceptibility, making genome mapping directly relevant to the department’s mission.

NIH coordinated much of the biomedical research, while DOE supported genome science through national laboratories and other research institutions. The two agencies formally coordinated their programs beginning in the late 1980s, before the international project officially began in 1990.

A common mix-up is assuming that another health or science agency, such as the National Science Foundation, was the principal federal partner. The distinctive U.S. funding partnership behind the HGP was NIH and DOE. The project involved an international consortium, but DOE is the specific agency sought by this question.