Which two continents are connected by the Isthmus of Panama?

The Isthmus of Panama connects North and South America.

This narrow land bridge links the continents at Panama’s southern end of Central America. It separates the Caribbean Sea, part of the Atlantic Ocean, from the Pacific Ocean. The isthmus formed gradually through volcanic activity and tectonic movement, with the final land connection established roughly three million years ago.

Its formation changed global ocean circulation and allowed animals to move between North and South America in the event known as the Great American Interchange. The Panama Canal later cut across the isthmus, creating an artificial water route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

The canal does not divide the continents; it crosses the land bridge. Central America is often described geographically as part of North America, while the isthmus itself is the physical connection to South America.