Which treaty formally ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers?

The Treaty of Versailles formally ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers.

The treaty was signed on 28 June 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It took effect on 10 January 1920.

Its terms required Germany to accept responsibility for causing the war, pay reparations, surrender territory and colonies, and limit its armed forces. The treaty also created the League of Nations, although the United States ultimately did not join that organisation.

The Treaty of Versailles dealt specifically with Germany. Separate agreements settled the Allied powers' relations with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. Its harsh economic and political terms remained controversial and contributed to instability in interwar Europe.