Which Sogdian rebel leader fought against Alexander for two years?

Which Sogdian rebel leader fought against Alexander for two years? Spitamenes led the Sogdian resistance against Alexander and fought the Macedonians for roughly two years. His uprising began in 329 BCE, after Alexander conquered Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia. Unlike the large armies Alexander had defeated in Persia, Spitamenes relied heavily on mobility, local alliances, surprise attacks, and steppe cavalry.

Spitamenes captured or threatened several Macedonian positions, including Maracanda, modern Samarkand, and helped inflict a serious defeat on a Macedonian detachment. Alexander responded by establishing garrisons and personally directing operations to secure the region. The conflict delayed his planned advance toward India and forced the Macedonians to fight a difficult war across deserts, mountains, and open steppe.

The turning point came in late 328 BCE at the Battle of Gabai, where Alexander’s general Coenus defeated Spitamenes. Spitamenes escaped, but members of the Massagetae eventually killed him and sent his head to Alexander. Bessus was another major opponent in Central Asia, but he was a Persian satrap and rebel rather than the Sogdian leader associated with this prolonged insurgency.