The king of Tyre who refused to surrender to Alexander was Azemilcus. His refusal helped trigger the famous seven-month siege of Tyre in 332 BCE.
After Alexander captured other Phoenician cities, Tyre offered to cooperate but rejected his demand to enter the island city and sacrifice at the temple of Melqart. Tyre stood about a kilometre offshore and was protected by massive walls, a powerful fleet, and the surrounding sea. Alexander responded by building a causeway from the mainland toward the island, while using ships, siege engines, and naval reinforcements to attack the walls.
Azemilcus was away with the Persian fleet when the siege began. After Tyre fell, he took refuge in the temple of Melqart with members of the city’s elite and was spared. Alexander allowed him to remain king, but Tyre became subordinate to Macedon.
Azemilcus can be confused with other rulers or prominent figures connected with Phoenicia, but he is the specifically attested king of Tyre during this siege. The siege lasted from roughly January to July 332 BCE.