Which script did J.R.R. Tolkien devise for writing many of the languages of Middle-earth?

The story behind the answer

J.R.R. Tolkien devised the Tengwar script for writing many languages of Middle-earth. It is also called the Fëanorian script because Tolkien’s legendarium attributes its invention to the Elf Fëanor.

Tengwar is an alphabetic writing system whose letters, or tengwar, represent consonants and whose vowel signs are called tehtar. Tolkien designed several modes so the script could represent different languages, including Quenya and Sindarin.

Tengwar is often confused with Cirth, another Middle-earth writing system. Cirth consists mainly of angular runes and was associated especially with Dwarves and Sindarin. Tolkien’s calligraphic examples helped make Tengwar one of the most recognizable visual elements of his invented world.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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