Which scientist developed the theory of general relativity?

Albert Einstein developed the theory of general relativity.

Einstein published the completed theory of general relativity in 1915. It describes gravity not as a conventional force between masses, but as the curvature of spacetime caused by matter and energy. Objects follow paths determined by that curved geometry.

The theory extended Einstein’s special theory of relativity, published in 1905, which applies to objects moving at constant velocity and established the relationship between mass and energy. General relativity made several predictions that differed from Newtonian gravity, including the bending of light by gravity and the shifting of Mercury’s orbit.

A famous early test came during the solar eclipse of 29 May 1919, when observations led by Arthur Eddington measured the apparent displacement of stars near the Sun. The result helped make Einstein internationally famous, although later tests have provided far more precise confirmation. General relativity is essential to modern descriptions of black holes, gravitational waves, cosmology, and the corrections used by the Global Positioning System. Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the photoelectric effect, not specifically for relativity.