Which saint is traditionally said to have been crucified upside down?

Which saint is traditionally said to have been crucified upside down? Saint Peter is the saint traditionally said to have been crucified upside down.

According to Christian tradition, Peter was martyred in Rome during the persecution associated with Emperor Nero. The New Testament does not describe the manner of Peter’s death directly, but the Gospel of John has often been read as foreshadowing his martyrdom.

The upside-down crucifixion appears in the late-second-century apocryphal Acts of Peter. Later writers, including Origen in the third century and Jerome in the fourth, helped preserve and popularize the tradition. Jerome explained that Peter considered himself unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus.

The inverted cross is therefore also called the Cross of Saint Peter or the Petrine Cross. In Christian art it traditionally represents Peter’s humility and martyrdom, although modern popular culture sometimes gives the symbol an anti-Christian meaning. Saint Andrew is associated with a different cross: the X-shaped saltire, traditionally called Saint Andrew’s Cross.