The republic completely surrounded by Italy and centered on Mount Titano is San Marino.
San Marino is a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, situated on the northeastern slopes of the Apennines near Rimini. Its capital, the City of San Marino, occupies the summit area of Monte Titano, whose highest point reaches about 749 metres. The country covers just over 61 square kilometres and has no coastline.
San Marino traditionally dates its foundation to AD 301, when Marinus, a Christian stonemason from the island of Rab in Dalmatia, is said to have established a religious community on Mount Titano. It claims to be the world’s oldest extant sovereign state and oldest constitutional republic, though these claims reflect long historical continuity rather than a single modern founding event.
A common mix-up is confusing San Marino with Vatican City, another country enclosed by Italy. Vatican City is inside Rome, whereas San Marino is an independent enclave in the Italian countryside. Mount Titano is also famous for San Marino’s Three Towers: Guaita, Cesta and Montale.