Which project mapped human haplotype patterns following the Human Genome Project?

The project that mapped human haplotype patterns following the Human Genome Project was the International HapMap Project.

Launched in 2002, HapMap catalogued common patterns of genetic variation—especially combinations of nearby single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known as haplotypes. The goal was to help researchers locate genetic variants associated with common diseases and differences in drug response without sequencing every person’s entire genome.

HapMap built on the HGP’s reference sequence but addressed a different question: not what the human genome’s general sequence is, but how that sequence varies among populations. Its samples initially represented Yoruba people in Nigeria, Japanese people in Tokyo, Han Chinese people in Beijing, and people of Northern and Western European ancestry.

The 1000 Genomes Project is a common mix-up. It came later and aimed to catalogue human genetic variation at much greater resolution, while ENCODE studied the functional elements of the genome. HapMap’s distinctive contribution was its population-scale map of common haplotypes and tag SNPs.