Solidity is the primary programming language used to write Ethereum smart contracts.
Solidity is a statically typed, contract-oriented language designed for programs that run on the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Developers use it to define rules for tokens, marketplaces, decentralized applications, and other blockchain systems.
The language was proposed by Gavin Wood in 2014 and became closely associated with Ethereum’s smart-contract ecosystem. Solidity source code is compiled into bytecode that Ethereum nodes can execute on the EVM.
Vyper is another Ethereum contract language, so it is a common source of confusion. Rust is widely used in other blockchain ecosystems, while JavaScript is often used to build applications that interact with contracts rather than to implement the contracts themselves.