Mars is represented by Malacandra in C.S. Lewis’s Space Trilogy. Malacandra is the name used for the planet in Out of the Silent Planet, the trilogy’s first novel.
The book follows Elwin Ransom, a Cambridge philologist who is abducted and taken into space. He discovers that Malacandra is inhabited by several intelligent species and that Earth is known as Thulcandra, the silent planet. Lewis uses the fictional setting to explore language, colonialism, morality, and humanity’s place in the universe.
Malacandra is not simply a realistic astronomical description of Mars. Lewis was writing speculative fiction before modern space exploration had produced detailed knowledge of the planet. The later novels move to other worlds and settings: Perelandra concerns Venus, while That Hideous Strength returns primarily to Earth.