The Perseverance instrument that measures Martian weather and dust is MEDA.
MEDA, the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, is a suite of sensors designed to characterize the atmosphere and surface environment around NASA’s rover. It records conditions such as air temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction, humidity-related variables, and the amount and behavior of airborne dust.
Dust is central to life and engineering on Mars. It can reduce sunlight reaching solar-powered equipment, settle on surfaces, affect visibility, and become hazardous for future human explorers. MEDA therefore does more than provide daily weather reports: its measurements help scientists understand how the atmosphere moves heat and dust and help engineers plan for future surface missions.
MEDA continues a weather-monitoring tradition established by instruments such as REMS on Curiosity, but it has a broader environmental focus. The instrument was led by Spain’s Spanish National Research Council, with major development by the Spanish Astrobiology Center. SuperCam studies rock chemistry and texture, RIMFAX probes underground layers, and SHERLOC searches rocks for organic molecules and mineral clues.