Which pact did Mahatma Gandhi sign with Lord Irwin in 1931?

Mahatma Gandhi signed the Gandhi–Irwin Pact with Viceroy Lord Irwin in Delhi on 5 March 1931.

The agreement followed the first phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement, including the Salt March and widespread arrests. Under its terms, the colonial government agreed to release political prisoners who had not been convicted of violence, withdraw certain emergency ordinances, and permit peaceful picketing and limited collection of salt by coastal communities. Gandhi agreed to suspend civil disobedience and attend the Second Round Table Conference in London as the Indian National Congress representative.

The pact did not grant India independence or settle every constitutional question. Gandhi’s negotiations were criticized by some nationalists, while the agreement was viewed by others as recognition of the Congress as a major political force. The Second Round Table Conference later failed to produce a settlement.

The pact is distinct from the Poona Pact of 1932, which concerned political representation for the Depressed Classes and was negotiated with B. R. Ambedkar.