Which Ottoman sultan conquered Egypt in 1517?

Selim I conquered Egypt in 1517 during the Ottoman war against the Mamluk Sultanate.

The campaign began with the Ottoman victory at Marj Dabiq near Aleppo in August 1516, which opened Syria to Selim’s forces. The decisive campaign continued south, culminating in the Battle of Ridaniya near Cairo on 22 January 1517. After further fighting, Cairo fell and the Mamluk state was absorbed into the Ottoman Empire.

The conquest brought Egypt, the Levant, the Hejaz, and the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina under Ottoman control. It transformed the empire’s strategic and economic position, giving it command of major trade routes and a powerful role in the eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea.

Selim is often called Selim the Grim, or Selim the Resolute. A later tradition claimed that the last Abbasid caliph transferred the caliphate to him in Cairo, but historians generally regard that formal transfer story as a later invention. Selim ruled from 1512 until his death in 1520.