Which Nobel Prize in Literature laureate won in 1964 but refused the award?

Jean-Paul Sartre won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964 but refused the award.

Sartre was a French philosopher, novelist, playwright, and public intellectual. His writing explored freedom, responsibility, bad faith, political commitment, and the pressures placed on individuals by society. His major literary works include Nausea, No Exit, and The Roads to Freedom.

He declined the Nobel because he consistently refused official honors, believing that writers should not be turned into institutions. His refusal was voluntary rather than a rejection by the Swedish Academy, and he remained the only person to decline the Literature prize personally.

Sartre’s decision is sometimes confused with Boris Pasternak’s case. Pasternak initially accepted his 1958 prize but later withdrew under pressure from Soviet authorities; Sartre refused his award as a matter of principle.