Which newspaper did Mahatma Gandhi publish in South Africa from 1903?

Mahatma Gandhi published Indian Opinion in South Africa from 1903.

Indian Opinion was founded in 1903 in Durban, Natal, to communicate with and organize the Indian community in South Africa. Gandhi used the newspaper to discuss discriminatory laws, political campaigns, community responsibilities, and the principles developing into satyagraha.

The paper appeared in several languages, including English, Gujarati, Hindi, and Tamil, allowing it to reach readers from different parts of the Indian diaspora. Gandhi was closely associated with its production through the Phoenix Settlement, a communal center he established near Durban in 1904.

Indian Opinion became an important record of Gandhi’s South African years. After returning to India, he continued using journalism as a political and educational tool through publications such as Young India, Navajivan, and Harijan. These titles are sometimes confused with Indian Opinion, but Indian Opinion belongs specifically to his South African period.