Which movement did Mahatma Gandhi launch in 1920 after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Khilafat issue?

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.

The movement urged Indians to withdraw cooperation from British institutions and authority. Its background included the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the repressive Rowlatt legislation, and anger over the treatment of the Ottoman caliphate after the First World War, which led many Indian Muslims to support the Khilafat movement.

Participants boycotted government schools, courts, legislative councils, and imported goods. Gandhi believed disciplined noncooperation could challenge colonial rule without relying on violence. The movement expanded rapidly and became one of the first nationwide mass campaigns led by the Congress.

Gandhi suspended it in 1922 after violence at Chauri Chaura, where protesters killed police officers. That decision is why the movement should not be confused with the later Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 or the Quit India Movement of 1942.