The saker falcon is the national bird of Mongolia and breeds across the Eurasian steppe.
Its breeding range extends from central Europe through the steppes of Asia. Many northern and inland populations migrate south or southeast in autumn, while some birds in warmer parts of the range remain resident. Wintering areas include the Middle East, northeast Africa, and southern Asia.
Saker falcons hunt medium-sized birds and mammals, often in open country. They are powerful, broad-winged falcons adapted to plains, deserts, and foothills rather than dense forests.
The species has suffered from habitat loss, prey declines, electrocution, and illegal trapping. Conservation programs include nest protection and artificial nesting structures. It is different from the peregrine falcon, which usually has a more strongly barred head and a broader global distribution.