Which flycatcher migrates from Europe to tropical Africa and nests in tree cavities?

The pied flycatcher migrates from Europe to tropical Africa and nests in tree cavities.

Pied flycatchers breed in woodland, parks and nest boxes. Males are black and white in much of their range, while females and young birds are browner. They feed on flying insects and caterpillars, often making short sallies from a perch to capture prey.

After breeding, European populations migrate south across the Sahara to wintering areas in tropical Africa. The species is a well-studied example of how migration timing can respond to climate change: spring insects may peak earlier than the birds arrive, creating a potential food mismatch. Nest boxes have helped the species in some managed forests.