Castagnole are Italian snack-sized fried dough balls traditionally served with sugar or chocolate.
The name comes from the Italian word for chestnut, reflecting the small, rounded shape. Castagnole are made from a soft dough that can include flour, eggs, butter, sugar, and flavorings such as lemon zest or liqueur. The dough is divided into pieces, rolled into balls, and fried.
They are especially associated with Carnival, the festive season before Lent. Once cooked, they may be dusted with powdered sugar or filled with cream, chocolate, or ricotta depending on the regional recipe.
Castagnole are different from zeppole, a broader category of Italian fried dough preparations. Their small chestnut-like form and Carnival association are the defining features of this particular sweet.