Isaac Asimov’s short story collection that introduced the Three Laws of Robotics is "I, Robot."
Published in 1950, "I, Robot" is a fixup collection connecting robot stories through a framing narrative about robopsychologist Susan Calvin. The stories explore how apparently logical machines can create moral and practical problems when human instructions conflict with the laws built into their positronic brains.
The Three Laws first appeared together in the 1942 story "Runaround," which was later included in the collection. The First Law says a robot may not harm a human or allow a human to come to harm through inaction; the Second requires obedience to human orders unless that conflicts with the First; and the Third requires self-preservation unless it conflicts with the first two laws.
The other options are also Asimov books but belong to different parts of his bibliography. "The Caves of Steel" and "The Naked Sun" are robot novels, while "Foundation" begins a separate galactic-history series. The title also differs from the 2004 film "I, Robot," which uses ideas and characters inspired by Asimov rather than directly adapting the collection.