Which invented language did J.R.R. Tolkien create for the Dwarves?

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J.R.R. Tolkien created Khuzdul as the language of the Dwarves.

Khuzdul is the secret language used by Tolkien’s Dwarves in Middle-earth. Unlike Elvish languages that appear extensively in songs, names and dialogue, Khuzdul is presented sparingly. The Dwarves generally keep it private, and outsiders know only a small number of words and phrases. The battle cry “Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!” is one of its best-known examples.

Tolkien designed Khuzdul with a structure distinct from the Elvish languages. Its sound and word formation were influenced in part by Semitic languages, while the Dwarves’ hidden naming practices reinforce the language’s cultural secrecy. Place names such as Khazad-dûm also preserve Khuzdul elements.

Khuzdul should not be confused with Quenya or Sindarin, which are Elvish languages. Adûnaic is the language associated with the Men of Númenor. Tolkien left Khuzdul less fully developed than several Elvish tongues, so the surviving vocabulary is limited, but its role clearly identifies Dwarven speech and heritage.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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