Which hummingbird crosses the Gulf of Mexico during its spring migration to North America?

The ruby-throated hummingbird crosses the Gulf of Mexico during its spring migration to North America.

Many ruby-throated hummingbirds fly approximately 800 kilometres across the Gulf of Mexico in a single flight. Others take a longer route around the Gulf through Texas or Mexico. The crossing is especially demanding because the birds cannot land on open water to rest.

This species breeds across much of eastern North America and winters mainly in Mexico and Central America. Males are recognized by their bright red throat, while females lack that conspicuous red gorget.

A common misconception is that every individual uses exactly the same route. Migration strategies vary with weather, age, geography, and available food. The Gulf crossing is therefore a well-known pattern, not an absolute rule for every ruby-throated hummingbird.