Which fictional language is called the Black Speech in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth?

The fictional language called the Black Speech in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth is the Black Speech of Mordor.

Tolkien describes it as a language created by Sauron for the servants of Mordor. It is associated with the inscription on the One Ring: “One Ring to rule them all,” whose full form appears in the Black Speech in The Lord of the Rings.

The language is not presented as extensively as Tolkien’s Elvish languages. In the narrative, its most famous surviving example is the Ring-inscription, spoken by Gandalf at the Council of Elrond. The sounds are linked with Sauron’s power and the culture of Mordor.

Black Speech is easy to confuse with Orcish speech generally, but Tolkien did not make every Orc use one uniform language. Quenya and Sindarin are Elvish languages, while Westron is the Common Speech of many peoples.