Which C.S. Lewis work introduced the phrase “men without chests”?

The Abolition of Man introduced C.S. Lewis’s phrase “men without chests.”

The phrase appears in Lewis’s 1943 work, which grew from three lectures delivered at the University of Durham. Lewis used it while criticizing an approach to education that, in his view, treated value judgments as mere expressions of feeling. He argued that education should cultivate both reason and rightly ordered emotion.

In the book’s famous image, the head represents reason and the belly represents appetite, while the chest represents trained emotions that help connect thought with action. “Men without chests” therefore describes people whose intellectual powers are not joined to moral formation.

The work is often cited in discussions of education, objective value, and moral philosophy. It should not be confused with The Abolition of Man’s concluding discussion of technological power, which introduces a separate warning about humanity’s attempt to control nature.