Which C.S. Lewis novel features the planet Malacandra, also called Mars?

Out of the Silent Planet is the C.S. Lewis novel featuring Malacandra, the fictional name for Mars. It was published in 1938 as the first book of Lewis’s Space Trilogy.

The protagonist is Elwin Ransom, a Cambridge philologist who is abducted and taken aboard a spacecraft. He discovers that Malacandra is inhabited by intelligent species and that Earth is known as Thulcandra, the “silent planet.”

Lewis uses the science-fiction setting to explore language, culture, morality, and humanity’s place in the universe. The novel was written partly in response to contemporary space fiction that Lewis felt often treated other worlds as settings for violent conquest.

The next books in the trilogy are Perelandra, published in 1943, and That Hideous Strength, published in 1945. Malacandra is not the setting of Perelandra: that novel takes Ransom to Venus, called Perelandra in the story.