Japan is the country associated with the 2010 population figure of 128,057,352.
That number comes from Japan’s historical population table and corresponds to the 2010 national census, conducted on 1 October. It marked the high point in the census-series figures shown on the demographics page before the totals declined in subsequent census years. Japan’s Statistics Bureau conducts a population census every five years.
Japan’s demographic story is shaped by low birth rates, population ageing and relatively limited immigration. After decades of postwar growth, the country entered a sustained period of population decline. The shrinking workforce has affected regional communities, pension planning, healthcare demand and the availability of workers.
A frequent mix-up concerns the word “peak.” Japan’s annual October population estimates place the maximum at 128,083,960 in 2008, while 128,057,352 is the 2010 census figure. Both figures refer to Japan, so the country answer remains unambiguous even though the underlying statistical series differs.