Which Chinese stock exchange began trading on 19 December 1990 after being established that year?

The Shanghai Stock Exchange began trading on 19 December 1990 after being established that year.

The exchange was created in Shanghai as part of China's economic reforms and the development of a modern securities market. Its reopening marked a major step in restoring organized stock trading on mainland China after decades without a conventional stock exchange.

The Shanghai market should not be confused with the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, which also began in 1990 but serves a different major financial center. Shanghai became especially associated with large state-owned enterprises, financial institutions, and major industrial companies.

The exchange operates in Chinese currency and is one of the world's largest by market capitalization. Its main benchmark is the SSE Composite Index, which tracks shares listed on the Shanghai market. The later launch of the STAR Market added a dedicated venue for many technology and innovation-focused companies.