Which book did C.S. Lewis publish under the pen name Clive Hamilton in 1919?

C.S. Lewis published Spirits in Bondage under the pen name Clive Hamilton in 1919.

Spirits in Bondage: A Cycle of Lyrics was Lewis’s first published book. It appeared while he was still a young man and consisted of poems written during and after the First World War. The pseudonym combined “Clive,” his given name, with “Hamilton,” a family name connected with his mother’s side.

The collection reflects the bleakness and skepticism of Lewis’s early outlook. Its poems address suffering, nature, war, and religious doubt, themes that later reappeared in more developed forms in his prose and fiction.

Lewis later published the narrative poem Dymer in 1926 under the same pseudonym. That fact is a frequent source of confusion, but Dymer was not the 1919 debut. Lewis’s later Christian writings should also not be confused with this early poetry, which predates his conversion.