Which ancient wonder was destroyed by fire set by Herostratus in 356 BC?

The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was destroyed by a fire set by Herostratus in 356 BC.

Herostratus deliberately burned the temple to make his name famous. Ancient authors preserved the story as an example of destructive vanity, and authorities reportedly tried to prevent his name from being remembered.

The temple stood at Ephesus, an important city on the western coast of Anatolia. It was dedicated to Artemis, a goddess whose Ephesian cult had distinctive local traditions. Several temples occupied the site over time, with the celebrated marble structure representing a later rebuilding.

The fire did not end the site’s history. The temple was rebuilt, but later damage, Christian-era changes and the removal of stones left only foundations and fragments visible today.